为什么以端到端方式学习 P2P？

因为采购、仓库和财务相互依赖，只学单个事务会隐藏异常根因。

每个 P2P 场景都会影响 ACDOCA 吗？

当库存估值、发票或付款产生会计行项目时会体现财务影响。

MM · Materials Management

采购到付款 SAP S/4HANA training

从采购申请到供应商付款的完整 MM 采购周期。

Process overview and business context

采购到付款连接运营采购、收货、发票校验和财务清账。在 S/4HANA 中需要理解整条链，因为薄弱的采购订单、延迟收货或冻结发票会很快变成财务和供应商服务问题。

学习者能够解释采购需求如何变成已过账的供应商负债和付款。

End-to-end flow

1
Purchase Requisition
ME51N
Fiori app: Create Purchase Requisition
ACDOCA impact: No direct ACDOCA posting; creates demand and approval context.
2
Purchase Order
ME21N
Fiori app: Manage Purchase Orders
ACDOCA impact: No accounting entry for a standard PO, but commitment and valuation expectations are established.
3
Goods Receipt
MIGO
Fiori app: Post Goods Movement
ACDOCA impact: Posts inventory or expense and GR/IR clearing where valuation is relevant.
4
Invoice Verification
MIRO
Fiori app: Create Supplier Invoice
ACDOCA impact: Posts supplier liability, tax, price differences, and clears GR/IR where matched.
5
Payment
F110
Fiori app: Manage Automatic Payments
ACDOCA impact: Clears supplier open item and posts bank/cash movement.

Key tables

Table	Explanation
EKKO	Purchase order header: supplier, purchasing organization, document type, currency, and release state.
EKPO	Purchase order items: material, quantity, price, plant, account assignment, and delivery tolerance.
MARA	General material master data used throughout procurement and inventory processing.
MSEG / MATDOC	Goods movement item data; S/4HANA uses MATDOC as the material document line-item foundation.
RBKP / RSEG	Supplier invoice header and item data used by invoice verification.
ACDOCA	Universal Journal line items for valuation, invoice, and payment-related financial postings.

Step-by-step walkthrough

Create the purchase requisition

Capture material, plant, quantity, delivery date, account assignment, and requester.

Watch out for: If account assignment is wrong, invoice verification may block later even though purchasing looked correct.

Convert or create the purchase order

Confirm supplier, price, tax code, purchasing organization, delivery tolerances, and approval status.

Watch out for: Avoid teaching ME21N as typing practice; explain why each field controls downstream receipt and invoice behavior.

Post goods receipt

Receive against the PO and check stock, valuation, and GR/IR postings.

Watch out for: A late or missing goods receipt is one of the most common causes of blocked invoices.

Verify supplier invoice

Run the three-way match between PO, receipt, and invoice, then analyze any block.

Watch out for: Price, quantity, and tax differences should be classified before they are released.

Pay and clear supplier item

Execute payment proposal, review exceptions, post payment, and confirm clearing.

Watch out for: Payment terms and baseline date are master-data topics, not only finance topics.

Common errors and troubleshooting

Invoice blocked for quantity variance

Likely cause: Supplier invoiced more than received or receipt was not posted.

Fix path: Check MIGO/MATDOC receipt and tolerance settings before releasing the block.

Wrong account assignment

Likely cause: Cost center, asset, WBS, or GL account was missing or incorrect on PR/PO.

Fix path: Correct the purchasing document if possible; otherwise document the finance correction path.

GR/IR balance remains open

Likely cause: Receipt and invoice quantities or values do not reconcile.

Fix path: Analyze PO history, invoice documents, and clearing logic before month-end close.

ECC to S/4HANA differences

S/4HANA 保留熟悉的采购凭证，但通过 HANA 优化应用和 Universal Journal 简化分析、库存估值和财务报表。

Glossary

采购申请: 采购订单创建前记录内部需求的请求。
采购订单: 发送给供应商的采购凭证。
收货: 确认收到货物或服务并更新库存或费用的过账。
发票校验: 比较供应商发票、采购订单和收货。
ACDOCA: SAP S/4HANA 的 Universal Journal 财务行项目表。

知识检查

完成测试并达到至少 70% 即可解锁证书。

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