Mení dopyt na realistický dodací záväzok.

Kedy SD ovplyvní finance?

Fakturácia vytvorí pohľadávku, výnos, daň a controlling dopad.

SD · Sales & Distribution

Order-to-Cash SAP S/4HANA training

Kompletný SD výnosový cyklus od dopytu a ponuky po objednávku, dodávku, faktúru, platbu a maržu.

Prehľad procesu a biznis kontext

Order-to-Cash je výnosová chrbtica S/4HANA. Predaj, logistika, kredit, dane, fakturácia a finance pracujú s rovnakým sľubom zákazníkovi.

Účastníci vysvetlia, ako sa dopyt zákazníka dodá, vyfakturuje, zaplatí a reportuje.

End-to-end tok

1
Inquiry
VA11
Fiori aplikácia: Manage Sales Inquiries
Vplyv na ACDOCA: No accounting posting; captures early demand.
2
Quotation
VA21
Fiori aplikácia: Manage Sales Quotations
Vplyv na ACDOCA: No posting; commercial promise and pricing are shaped.
3
Sales Order
VA01
Fiori aplikácia: Create Sales Orders
Vplyv na ACDOCA: No direct posting; ATP, credit, and pricing checks drive later impact.
4
Outbound Delivery
VL01N
Fiori aplikácia: Manage Outbound Deliveries
Vplyv na ACDOCA: Goods issue posts COGS/inventory impact where valuated stock is involved.
5
Billing
VF01
Fiori aplikácia: Create Billing Documents
Vplyv na ACDOCA: Posts receivable, revenue, tax, and profitability-related values.
6
Payment
F-28 / Fiori
Fiori aplikácia: Post Incoming Payments
Vplyv na ACDOCA: Clears customer open item and posts bank/cash movement.

Kľúčové tabuľky

Table	Vysvetlenie
VBAK	Sales document header: customer, sales area, document type, order reason, and credit status.
VBAP	Sales document items: material, quantity, plant, price-relevant item data, and rejection status.
LIKP / LIPS	Outbound delivery header and item data for picking, shipping, and goods issue.
VBRK / VBRP	Billing header and item data used for invoice output and accounting transfer.
MARA	Material master data used for sales views, availability, and logistics execution.
ACDOCA	Universal Journal line items for revenue, tax, receivable, COGS, and payment clearing.

Postup krok za krokom

Capture demand and quotation

Use inquiry and quotation to document early customer intent and pricing assumptions.

Na čo si dať pozor: Do not let users confuse a quotation with confirmed supply; ATP commitment matters later.

Create the sales order

Check sold-to/ship-to, material, plant, quantity, pricing, ATP, route, tax, and credit status.

Na čo si dať pozor: Credit blocks and incomplete master data should be explained as controls, not system annoyances.

Create delivery and post goods issue

Pick, pack, ship, and post goods issue to move logistics and inventory forward.

Na čo si dať pozor: Goods issue is the step that can create COGS and inventory finance impact.

Create billing document

Generate invoice, validate output, and check transfer to accounting.

Na čo si dať pozor: Copy control, tax classification, and account determination are common root causes.

Collect payment and report margin

Post incoming payment, clear receivable, and review revenue and margin.

Na čo si dať pozor: A process is not finished until cash and exception status are visible.

Bežné chyby a riešenie problémov

Sales order blocked by credit management

Pravdepodobná príčina: Customer exposure exceeds limit or risk rules require review.

Postup opravy: Review credit segment, exposure, blocked order list, and approval workflow.

No confirmed quantity from ATP

Pravdepodobná príčina: Insufficient available stock, planning issue, or checking rule mismatch.

Postup opravy: Check stock/requirements list, ATP result, plant, schedule lines, and backorder processing.

Billing document does not post to accounting

Pravdepodobná príčina: Account determination, tax, or document completion issue.

Postup opravy: Analyze billing log, pricing conditions, revenue account determination, and missing master data.

Rozdiely ECC a S/4HANA

S/4HANA zachováva SD tok dokladov, dopĺňa embedded analytics, lepšie kreditné riadenie, zjednodušený model a Fiori výnimky.

Slovník

Predajná objednávka: Doklad potvrdzujúci zákaznícky dopyt.
ATP: Kontrola dostupnosti množstva a termínu.
Odberateľská dodávka: Logistický doklad pre picking, packing, expedíciu a výdaj.
Faktúra: SD doklad, ktorý vytvára pohľadávku a výnos.
Kreditné riadenie: Kontroly kreditnej expozície zákazníka.

Knowledge check

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