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MM · Materials Management

Procure-to-Pay SAP S/4HANA training

Kompletný MM nákupný cyklus od požiadavky po platbu dodávateľovi.

Prehľad procesu a biznis kontext

Procure-to-Pay spája operatívny nákup, príjem, kontrolu faktúry a platbu. V S/4HANA treba vidieť celý reťazec, pretože slabá objednávka, oneskorený príjem alebo blokovaná faktúra rýchlo ovplyvní finance aj dodávateľa.

Účastníci vysvetlia, ako sa nákupná potreba zmení na zaúčtovaný záväzok a platbu.

End-to-end tok

  1. 1

    Purchase Requisition

    ME51N

    Fiori aplikácia: Create Purchase Requisition

    Vplyv na ACDOCA: No direct ACDOCA posting; creates demand and approval context.

  2. 2

    Purchase Order

    ME21N

    Fiori aplikácia: Manage Purchase Orders

    Vplyv na ACDOCA: No accounting entry for a standard PO, but commitment and valuation expectations are established.

  3. 3

    Goods Receipt

    MIGO

    Fiori aplikácia: Post Goods Movement

    Vplyv na ACDOCA: Posts inventory or expense and GR/IR clearing where valuation is relevant.

  4. 4

    Invoice Verification

    MIRO

    Fiori aplikácia: Create Supplier Invoice

    Vplyv na ACDOCA: Posts supplier liability, tax, price differences, and clears GR/IR where matched.

  5. 5

    Payment

    F110

    Fiori aplikácia: Manage Automatic Payments

    Vplyv na ACDOCA: Clears supplier open item and posts bank/cash movement.

Kľúčové tabuľky

TableVysvetlenie
EKKOPurchase order header: supplier, purchasing organization, document type, currency, and release state.
EKPOPurchase order items: material, quantity, price, plant, account assignment, and delivery tolerance.
MARAGeneral material master data used throughout procurement and inventory processing.
MSEG / MATDOCGoods movement item data; S/4HANA uses MATDOC as the material document line-item foundation.
RBKP / RSEGSupplier invoice header and item data used by invoice verification.
ACDOCAUniversal Journal line items for valuation, invoice, and payment-related financial postings.

Postup krok za krokom

Create the purchase requisition

Capture material, plant, quantity, delivery date, account assignment, and requester.

Na čo si dať pozor: If account assignment is wrong, invoice verification may block later even though purchasing looked correct.

Convert or create the purchase order

Confirm supplier, price, tax code, purchasing organization, delivery tolerances, and approval status.

Na čo si dať pozor: Avoid teaching ME21N as typing practice; explain why each field controls downstream receipt and invoice behavior.

Post goods receipt

Receive against the PO and check stock, valuation, and GR/IR postings.

Na čo si dať pozor: A late or missing goods receipt is one of the most common causes of blocked invoices.

Verify supplier invoice

Run the three-way match between PO, receipt, and invoice, then analyze any block.

Na čo si dať pozor: Price, quantity, and tax differences should be classified before they are released.

Pay and clear supplier item

Execute payment proposal, review exceptions, post payment, and confirm clearing.

Na čo si dať pozor: Payment terms and baseline date are master-data topics, not only finance topics.

Bežné chyby a riešenie problémov

Invoice blocked for quantity variance

Pravdepodobná príčina: Supplier invoiced more than received or receipt was not posted.

Postup opravy: Check MIGO/MATDOC receipt and tolerance settings before releasing the block.

Wrong account assignment

Pravdepodobná príčina: Cost center, asset, WBS, or GL account was missing or incorrect on PR/PO.

Postup opravy: Correct the purchasing document if possible; otherwise document the finance correction path.

GR/IR balance remains open

Pravdepodobná príčina: Receipt and invoice quantities or values do not reconcile.

Postup opravy: Analyze PO history, invoice documents, and clearing logic before month-end close.

Rozdiely ECC a S/4HANA

S/4HANA zachováva známe nákupné doklady, ale zjednodušuje analytiku, oceňovanie a reporting cez HANA aplikácie a Universal Journal.

Slovník

Nákupná požiadavka
Interná požiadavka dokumentujúca potrebu pred objednávkou.
Nákupná objednávka
Nákupný doklad zaslaný dodávateľovi.
Príjem tovaru
Účtovanie potvrdzujúce prijatý tovar alebo službu.
Kontrola faktúry
Porovnanie faktúry s objednávkou a príjmom.
ACDOCA
Universal Journal tabuľka finančných položiek.

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