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SD · Sales & Distribution

Order-to-Cash SAP S/4HANA training

Kompletní SD výnosový cyklus od poptávky a nabídky po objednávku, dodávku, fakturu, platbu a marži.

Přehled procesu a business kontext

Order-to-Cash je výnosová páteř S/4HANA. Prodej, logistika, kredit, daně, fakturace a finance pracují se stejným slibem zákazníkovi.

Účastníci vysvětlí, jak se zákaznická poptávka dodá, vyfakturuje, zaplatí a reportuje.

End-to-end tok

  1. 1

    Inquiry

    VA11

    Fiori aplikace: Manage Sales Inquiries

    Dopad na ACDOCA: No accounting posting; captures early demand.

  2. 2

    Quotation

    VA21

    Fiori aplikace: Manage Sales Quotations

    Dopad na ACDOCA: No posting; commercial promise and pricing are shaped.

  3. 3

    Sales Order

    VA01

    Fiori aplikace: Create Sales Orders

    Dopad na ACDOCA: No direct posting; ATP, credit, and pricing checks drive later impact.

  4. 4

    Outbound Delivery

    VL01N

    Fiori aplikace: Manage Outbound Deliveries

    Dopad na ACDOCA: Goods issue posts COGS/inventory impact where valuated stock is involved.

  5. 5

    Billing

    VF01

    Fiori aplikace: Create Billing Documents

    Dopad na ACDOCA: Posts receivable, revenue, tax, and profitability-related values.

  6. 6

    Payment

    F-28 / Fiori

    Fiori aplikace: Post Incoming Payments

    Dopad na ACDOCA: Clears customer open item and posts bank/cash movement.

Klíčové tabulky

TableVysvětlení
VBAKSales document header: customer, sales area, document type, order reason, and credit status.
VBAPSales document items: material, quantity, plant, price-relevant item data, and rejection status.
LIKP / LIPSOutbound delivery header and item data for picking, shipping, and goods issue.
VBRK / VBRPBilling header and item data used for invoice output and accounting transfer.
MARAMaterial master data used for sales views, availability, and logistics execution.
ACDOCAUniversal Journal line items for revenue, tax, receivable, COGS, and payment clearing.

Postup krok za krokem

Capture demand and quotation

Use inquiry and quotation to document early customer intent and pricing assumptions.

Na co si dát pozor: Do not let users confuse a quotation with confirmed supply; ATP commitment matters later.

Create the sales order

Check sold-to/ship-to, material, plant, quantity, pricing, ATP, route, tax, and credit status.

Na co si dát pozor: Credit blocks and incomplete master data should be explained as controls, not system annoyances.

Create delivery and post goods issue

Pick, pack, ship, and post goods issue to move logistics and inventory forward.

Na co si dát pozor: Goods issue is the step that can create COGS and inventory finance impact.

Create billing document

Generate invoice, validate output, and check transfer to accounting.

Na co si dát pozor: Copy control, tax classification, and account determination are common root causes.

Collect payment and report margin

Post incoming payment, clear receivable, and review revenue and margin.

Na co si dát pozor: A process is not finished until cash and exception status are visible.

Běžné chyby a řešení problémů

Sales order blocked by credit management

Pravděpodobná příčina: Customer exposure exceeds limit or risk rules require review.

Postup opravy: Review credit segment, exposure, blocked order list, and approval workflow.

No confirmed quantity from ATP

Pravděpodobná příčina: Insufficient available stock, planning issue, or checking rule mismatch.

Postup opravy: Check stock/requirements list, ATP result, plant, schedule lines, and backorder processing.

Billing document does not post to accounting

Pravděpodobná příčina: Account determination, tax, or document completion issue.

Postup opravy: Analyze billing log, pricing conditions, revenue account determination, and missing master data.

Rozdíly ECC a S/4HANA

S/4HANA zachovává SD tok dokladů a doplňuje embedded analytics, lepší kreditní řízení, zjednodušený model a Fiori výjimky.

Slovník

Prodejní objednávka
Doklad potvrzující zákaznickou poptávku.
ATP
Kontrola dostupnosti množství a termínu.
Odběratelská dodávka
Logistický doklad pro picking, packing, expedici a výdej.
Faktura
SD doklad, který vytváří pohledávku a výnos.
Kreditní řízení
Kontroly kreditní expozice zákazníka.

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