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MM · Materials Management

Procure-to-Pay SAP S/4HANA training

Kompletní MM nákupní cyklus od požadavku po platbu dodavateli.

Přehled procesu a business kontext

Procure-to-Pay spojuje operativní nákup, příjem, kontrolu faktury a platbu. V S/4HANA je nutné vidět celý řetězec, protože slabá objednávka, pozdní příjem nebo blokovaná faktura rychle ovlivní finance i dodavatele.

Účastníci vysvětlí, jak se nákupní potřeba změní na zaúčtovaný závazek a platbu.

End-to-end tok

  1. 1

    Purchase Requisition

    ME51N

    Fiori aplikace: Create Purchase Requisition

    Dopad na ACDOCA: No direct ACDOCA posting; creates demand and approval context.

  2. 2

    Purchase Order

    ME21N

    Fiori aplikace: Manage Purchase Orders

    Dopad na ACDOCA: No accounting entry for a standard PO, but commitment and valuation expectations are established.

  3. 3

    Goods Receipt

    MIGO

    Fiori aplikace: Post Goods Movement

    Dopad na ACDOCA: Posts inventory or expense and GR/IR clearing where valuation is relevant.

  4. 4

    Invoice Verification

    MIRO

    Fiori aplikace: Create Supplier Invoice

    Dopad na ACDOCA: Posts supplier liability, tax, price differences, and clears GR/IR where matched.

  5. 5

    Payment

    F110

    Fiori aplikace: Manage Automatic Payments

    Dopad na ACDOCA: Clears supplier open item and posts bank/cash movement.

Klíčové tabulky

TableVysvětlení
EKKOPurchase order header: supplier, purchasing organization, document type, currency, and release state.
EKPOPurchase order items: material, quantity, price, plant, account assignment, and delivery tolerance.
MARAGeneral material master data used throughout procurement and inventory processing.
MSEG / MATDOCGoods movement item data; S/4HANA uses MATDOC as the material document line-item foundation.
RBKP / RSEGSupplier invoice header and item data used by invoice verification.
ACDOCAUniversal Journal line items for valuation, invoice, and payment-related financial postings.

Postup krok za krokem

Create the purchase requisition

Capture material, plant, quantity, delivery date, account assignment, and requester.

Na co si dát pozor: If account assignment is wrong, invoice verification may block later even though purchasing looked correct.

Convert or create the purchase order

Confirm supplier, price, tax code, purchasing organization, delivery tolerances, and approval status.

Na co si dát pozor: Avoid teaching ME21N as typing practice; explain why each field controls downstream receipt and invoice behavior.

Post goods receipt

Receive against the PO and check stock, valuation, and GR/IR postings.

Na co si dát pozor: A late or missing goods receipt is one of the most common causes of blocked invoices.

Verify supplier invoice

Run the three-way match between PO, receipt, and invoice, then analyze any block.

Na co si dát pozor: Price, quantity, and tax differences should be classified before they are released.

Pay and clear supplier item

Execute payment proposal, review exceptions, post payment, and confirm clearing.

Na co si dát pozor: Payment terms and baseline date are master-data topics, not only finance topics.

Běžné chyby a řešení problémů

Invoice blocked for quantity variance

Pravděpodobná příčina: Supplier invoiced more than received or receipt was not posted.

Postup opravy: Check MIGO/MATDOC receipt and tolerance settings before releasing the block.

Wrong account assignment

Pravděpodobná příčina: Cost center, asset, WBS, or GL account was missing or incorrect on PR/PO.

Postup opravy: Correct the purchasing document if possible; otherwise document the finance correction path.

GR/IR balance remains open

Pravděpodobná příčina: Receipt and invoice quantities or values do not reconcile.

Postup opravy: Analyze PO history, invoice documents, and clearing logic before month-end close.

Rozdíly ECC a S/4HANA

S/4HANA zachovává známé nákupní doklady, ale zjednodušuje analytiku, oceňování a reporting přes HANA aplikace a Universal Journal.

Slovník

Nákupní požadavek
Interní požadavek dokumentující potřebu před objednávkou.
Nákupní objednávka
Nákupní doklad zaslaný dodavateli.
Příjem zboží
Účtování potvrzující přijaté zboží nebo službu.
Kontrola faktury
Porovnání faktury s objednávkou a příjmem.
ACDOCA
Universal Journal tabulka finančních položek.

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